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Authors *

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Declarations

These are printed with your article. Say "Not applicable" or "None declared" where that is the honest answer — but please don't leave them blank.

Ethics approval * IRB or research ethics committee approval, an exemption determination and its number, or why neither applies. Case reports should confirm that any required consent was obtained and that the account is de-identified. Competing interests * Any financial or other interest a reader might consider relevant, including an interest in a product or platform discussed in the work. Funding Grants and other support, with award numbers where they exist. Data availability Where the underlying data, instruments or case materials can be found, if anywhere. Acknowledgements People who helped but don't meet authorship criteria.

Use of artificial intelligence *

Choose the option that best describes how AI was used in developing this manuscript. Declaring AI use does not count against your submission — the journal asks only that it be stated. The wording shown beneath your choice is what will be printed with your article if it is published.

AI was used to generate ideas, content and writing A generative tool contributed substantively to what the manuscript says, not only to how it reads. Printed with your article: “The authors used generative artificial intelligence in developing this manuscript, including for generating ideas, producing content, and writing portions of the text. The authors reviewed and edited all AI-generated material and take full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the published work.” AI was used to draft portions of the text, which the authors then revised The ideas and structure are the authors'; a generative tool produced draft prose that the authors rewrote. Printed with your article: “The authors used generative artificial intelligence to draft portions of the text of this manuscript. All AI-generated drafting was subsequently revised by the authors, who reviewed the final text and take full responsibility for its accuracy and integrity.” AI was used to edit the language and readability of text the authors wrote Grammar, clarity, translation or copy-editing of the authors' own writing. Printed with your article: “The authors used generative artificial intelligence to edit and improve the language and readability of text they had written themselves. The intellectual content is the authors' own, and the authors take full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the published work.” AI was used only for supporting tasks, not for the text Literature searching, reference handling, or assistance with data or code — nothing that appears as prose in the manuscript. Printed with your article: “The authors used artificial intelligence tools for supporting tasks in preparing this work — such as literature searching, reference handling, or assistance with data or code — but not to generate or edit the text of the manuscript. The authors take full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the published work.” No artificial intelligence was used No generative tool played any part in conceiving, developing or writing this manuscript. Printed with your article: “The authors declare that no generative artificial intelligence was used in the conception, development or writing of this manuscript.”

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